.






Other Wild North American Rubus spp.


Some wild North American species are: Allegheny blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis); highbush blackberry (R. betulifolius); American dewberry (R. canadensis); sand blackberry R. cuneifolius; northern dewberry (R. flagellaris); swamp blackberry (R. hispidus); and southern dewberry (R. trivialis), all native to eastern North America. Mayes dewberry (R. almus); R. leucodermis; and R. ursinus are native to western North America.

Native to eastern North America:

Allegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis
Rubus allegheniensis, Allegheny blackberryAllegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, Gramsie Rd, Shoreview, MN, USAllegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, Tula, RussiaAllegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, Slingerlands, NY , USAAllegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, The Webster Arboretum, Webster, NY, US
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5

Smooth Blackberry, American dewberry R. canadensis
Smooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Finlayson Township, MN, USASmooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Argyle, Nova Scotia, CanadaSmooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Orford, QC, CanadaSmooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Swift Current, Newfoundland, Canada
Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9

Sand Blackberry, R. cuneifolius
Sand Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius, San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park, Gainesville, FL, US
Sand Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius, Sorrento, FL, USASand Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius, Liberty County, FL, USASand Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius, Sarasota County, FL, USA
Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13

Northern dewberry,common dewberry, R. flagellaris
Common dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Liberty Field, Boxborough, MA, USCommon dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Magnolia, OH, USACommon dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Kemah, TX, USA
Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16

Swamp blackberry, R. hispidus
Swamp, bristly dewberry (Rubus hispidus)Common dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Duck Harbor Rd, Equinunk, PA, US
Swamp Dewberry, Rubus hispidus, Deerton, MI, USACommon dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, QEII hunt, Kawartha Lakes, ON, Canada
Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20

Southern dewberry, R. trivialis
Southern Dewberry Rubus trivialis, Dallas, TX, USASouthern dewberry, R. trivialis, Little Rock, Arkansas, USSouthern dewberry, R. trivialis, Judson Rd, Prattville, AL, USSouthern dewberry, Rubus trivialisSouthern dewberry, R. trivialis, Georgetown, TX, USA
Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25

Native to western North America:

Trailing blackberry, California blackberry, R. ursinus
Trailing Blackberry, Rubus ursinus, Bothell, WA, USATrailing Blackberry Rubus ursinus, Garden Hwy, Sacramento, CA, USTrailing Blackberry Rubus ursinus, Inverness, CA 94937, USATrailing Blackberry Rubus ursinus, Eaton Canyon Trail, Pasadena, CA, US
Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29



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Blackberry Page
Bibliography

Christman, Steve. "Rubus fruticosus." Floridata, no. 1079, Published 29 Apr.2008, floridata.com/plant/1079. Accessed 22 Aug. 2023.

Photographs

Fig. 1 Ayotte, Gilles. "Allegheny blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)." Photographies botaniques de l'Université Laval, 2 Jan. 2023, (CC BY-NC 3.0 US), Wikimedia Commons, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rubus_allegheniensis_15-p.bot-rubus.alle-29.jpg. Accessed 20 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 2 Thompson, Matthew. "Allegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, Gramsie Rd, Shoreview, MN, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 23 July 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/174215314. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 3 Chemodanova, Sophia. "Allegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, Tula, Russia." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 16 July 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/173180137. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 4 woody832. "Allegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, Slingerlands, NY , USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 10 Aug. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/177685704. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 5 Wolkenberg, Sandy. "Allegheny Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis, The Webster Arboretum, Webster, NY, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 10 Sept. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/182689793. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 6 Lane, Jackson. "Smooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Finlayson Township, MN, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 16 Aug. 2022, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/131138167. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 7 Bennett, Bruce. "Smooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Argyle, Nova Scotia, Canada." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 11 Sept. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/182880193. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 8 Lacroix-Carignan, Étienne. "Smooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, QC, Canada." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 29 Jan. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/147665934. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 9 Boland, Tod. "Smooth Blackberry Rubus canadensis, Swift Current, Newfoundland, Canada." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 21Sept. 2021, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/94353735. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 10 Chen, Larry. "Sand blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius), San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park, Gainesville, FL, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, iNaturalist, Research Grade, 11 July 2022, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/125857668. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 11 Green, Meryl. "Sand blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius), Sorrento, FL, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, iNaturalist, Research Grade, 15 Nov. 2022, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/142109011. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 12 Duggan,James (Jim). "Sand Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius, Liberty County, FL, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 8 May 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/160664670. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 13 chaseyb. "Sand Blackberry Rubus cuneifolius, Sarasota County, FL, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 15 May 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/161773881. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 14 glorfindelibelbubblegum. "Common dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Liberty Field, Boxborough, MA, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 16 Sept. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/183573647. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 15 KristieH. "Common dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Kemah, TX, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 16 Sept. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/157370576. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 16 Roland, Todd. "Common dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Magnolia, OH, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 23 May 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/184597234. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 17 OBrien, Joseph. "Bristly dewberry (Rubus hispidus)." Forestry Images, USDA Forest Service, no. 5031027, 17 Oct. 2006 , (CC BY-NC 3.0 US), Bugwood.org, www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5031027. Accessed 31 Aug. 2023.
Fig. 18 JohnLDavis. "Common dewberry, Rubus flagellaris, Duck Harbor Rd, Equinunk, PA, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 4 Aug. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/176647605. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 19 Kahl, Robert. "Swamp Dewberry, Rubus hispidus, Deerton, MI, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 30 July 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/175674658. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 20 Moore, Ginny. "Swamp Dewberry, Rubus hispidus, QEII hunt, Kawartha Lakes, ON, Canada." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 29 Aug. 2020, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/57947904. Accessed 21 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 21 M., Alex. "Southern Dewberry Rubus trivialis, Dallas, TX, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 4 June 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/165652412. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 22 jpwheeler55. "Southern Dewberry Rubus trivialis, Little Rock, Arkansas, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 25 Aug. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/180119892. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 23 charlesbirding. "Southern Dewberry Rubus trivialis, Judson Rd, Prattville, AL, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 25 Aug. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/180161280. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 24 Keim, Mary. "Southern dewberry, Rubus trivialis." Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa, S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute, 2023, Atlas of Florida Plants, florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/photo.aspx?ID=2969. Accessed 24 Aug. 2023.
Fig. 25 Smith, Brooke. "Southern dewberry, R. trivialis, Georgetown, TX, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 6 May 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/160172917. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 26 NatureGuy. "Trailing Blackberry, Rubus ursinus, Bothell, WA, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/183885797. Accessed 19 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 27 jrmorris. "Trailing Blackberry Rubus ursinus, Garden Hwy, Sacramento, CA, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 23 Sept. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/184638597. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 28 Nicole. "Trailing Blackberry Rubus ursinus, Inverness, CA 94937, USA." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 19 Sept. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), www.inaturalist.org/observations/184005146. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.
Fig. 28 luis-a-martinez. "Trailing Blackberry Rubus ursinus, Eaton Canyon Trail, Pasadena, CA, US." iNaturalist, Research Grade, 5 Aug. 2023, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), Image cropped, www.inaturalist.org/observations/176839306. Accessed 24 Sept. 2023.

Published 24 Sept. 2023 LR
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